Raspberry Pi Pico
The Raspberry Pi Pico is a general purpose board supplied by the Raspberry Pi Foundation.
Features
RP2040 microcontroller chip
Dual-core ARM Cortex M0+ processor, flexible clock running up to 133 MHz
264kB of SRAM, and 2MB of on-board Flash memory
Castellated module allows soldering direct to carrier boards
USB 1.1 Host and Device support
Low-power sleep and dormant modes
Drag & drop programming using mass storage over USB
26 multi-function GPIO pins
2× SPI, 2× I2C, 2× UART, 3× 12-bit ADC, 16× controllable PWM channels
Accurate clock and timer on-chip
Temperature sensor
Accelerated floating point libraries on-chip
8 × Programmable IO (PIO) state machines for custom peripheral support
Serial Console
By default a serial console appears on pins 1 (TX GPIO0) and pin 2 (RX GPIO1). This console runs a 115200-8N1.
The board can be configured to use the USB connection as the serial console.
Pin Mapping
Pads numbered anticlockwise from USB connector.
Pad |
Signal |
Notes |
|---|---|---|
1 |
GPIO0 |
Default TX for UART0 serial console |
2 |
GPIO1 |
Default RX for UART1 serial console |
3 |
Ground |
|
4 |
GPIO2 |
|
5 |
GPIO3 |
|
6 |
GPIO4 |
|
7 |
GPIO5 |
|
8 |
Ground |
|
9 |
GPIO6 |
|
10 |
GPIO7 |
|
11 |
GPIO8 |
|
12 |
GPIO9 |
|
13 |
Ground |
|
14 |
GPIO10 |
|
15 |
GPIO11 |
|
16 |
GPIO12 |
|
17 |
GPIO13 |
|
18 |
Ground |
|
19 |
GPIO14 |
|
20 |
GPIO15 |
|
21 |
GPIO16 |
|
22 |
GPIO17 |
|
23 |
Ground |
|
24 |
GPIO18 |
|
25 |
GPIO19 |
|
26 |
GPIO20 |
|
27 |
GPIO21 |
|
28 |
Ground |
|
29 |
GPIO22 |
|
30 |
Run |
|
31 |
GPIO26 |
ADC0 |
32 |
GPIO27 |
ADC1 |
33 |
AGND |
Analog Ground |
34 |
GPIO28 |
ADC2 |
35 |
ADC_VREF |
|
36 |
3V3 |
Power output to peripherals |
37 |
3V3_EN |
Pull to ground to turn off. |
38 |
Ground |
|
39 |
VSYS |
+5V Supply to board |
40 |
VBUS |
Connected to USB +5V |
Other RP2040 Pins
GPIO23 Output - Power supply control. GPIO24 Input - High if USB port or Pad 40 supplying power. GPIO25 Output - On board LED. ADC3 Input - Analog voltage equal to one third of VSys voltage.
Separate pins for the Serial Debug Port (SDB) are available
Power Supply
The Raspberry Pi Pico can be powered via the USB connector, or by supplying +5V to pin 39. The board had a diode that prevents power from pin 39 from flowing back to the USB socket, although the socket can be power via pin 30.
The Raspberry Pi Pico chip run on 3.3 volts. This is supplied by an onboard voltage regulator. This regulator can be disabled by pulling pin 37 to ground.
The regulator can run in two modes. By default the regulator runs in PFM mode which provides the best efficiency, but may be switched to PWM mode for improved ripple by outputting a one on GPIO23.
Configurations
audiopack
NuttShell configuration (console enabled in UART0, at 115200 bps) with support for NXPlayer audio player.
composite
NuttShell configuration (console enabled in UART0, at 115200 bps) with support for CDC/ACM with MSC USB composite driver.
displaypack
NuttShell configuration (console enabled in USB Port, at 115200 bps) supporting ST7789 video display.
enc28j60
NuttShell configuration (console enabled in UART0, at 115200 bps) with support for NC28J60.
lcd1602
NuttShell configuration (console enabled in UART0, at 115200 bps) with support for LCD1602.
nsh
Basic NuttShell configuration (console enabled in UART0, at 115200 bps).
nsh-flash
Basic NuttShell configuration (console enabled in UART0, at 115200 bps with SMART flash filesystem.
nshsram
NuttShell configuration (console enabled in UART0, at 115200 bps) with interrupt vectors in RAM.
smp
Basic NuttShell configuration (console enabled in UART0, at 115200 bps) with both ARM cores enabled.
spisd
NuttShell configuration (console enabled in UART0, at 115200 bps) with SPI configured.
ssd1306
NuttShell configuration (console enabled in UART0, at 115200 bps) with support for ssd1306.
st7735
NuttShell configuration (console enabled in UART0, at 115200 bps) with support for st7735.
usbmsc
NuttShell configuration (console enabled in UART0, at 115200 bps) with support for usbmsc.
usbnsh
Basic NuttShell configuration (console enabled in USB Port, at 115200 bps).
README.txt
README
======
This directory contains the port of NuttX to the Raspberry Pi Pico.
See https://www.raspberrypi.org/products/raspberry-pi-pico/ for information
about Raspberry Pi Pico.
NuttX supports the following RP2040 capabilities:
- UART (console port)
- GPIO 0 (UART0 TX) and GPIO 1 (UART0 RX) are used for the console.
- I2C
- SPI (master only)
- DMAC
- PWM
- ADC
- Watchdog
- USB device
- MSC, CDC/ACM serial and these composite device are supported.
- CDC/ACM serial device can be used for the console.
- PIO (RP2040 Programmable I/O)
- Flash ROM Boot
- SRAM Boot
- If Pico SDK is available, nuttx.uf2 file which can be used in
BOOTSEL mode will be created.
- Persistent flash filesystem in unused flash ROM
NuttX also provide support for these external devices:
- BMP180 sensor at I2C0 (don't forget to define I2C0 GPIOs at "I2C0 GPIO pin assign" in Board Selection menu)
- INA219 sensor / module (don't forget to define I2C0 GPIOs at "I2C0 GPIO pin assign" in Board Selection menu)
- Pico Display Pack (ST7789 LCD)
- RGB leds and buttons are not supported yet.
- Pico Audio Pack (PCM5100A I2S DAC)
- I2S interface is realized by PIO.
- WS2812 smart pixel support
There is currently no direct user mode access to these RP2040 hardware features:
- SPI Slave Mode
- SSI
- RTC
- Timers
Installation
============
1. Download Raspberry Pi Pico SDK
$ git clone -b 1.1.2 https://github.com/raspberrypi/pico-sdk.git
2. Set PICO_SDK_PATH environment variable
$ export PICO_SDK_PATH=<absolute_path_to_pico-sdk_directory>
3. Configure and build NuttX
$ git clone https://github.com/apache/nuttx.git nuttx
$ git clone https://github.com/apache/nuttx-apps.git apps
$ cd nuttx
$ make distclean
$ ./tools/configure.sh raspberrypi-pico:nsh
$ make V=1
4. Connect Raspberry Pi Pico board to USB port while pressing BOOTSEL.
The board will be detected as USB Mass Storage Device.
Then copy "nuttx.uf2" into the device.
(Same manner as the standard Pico SDK applications installation.)
5. To access the console, GPIO 0 and 1 pins must be connected to the
device such as USB-serial converter.
`usbnsh` configuration provides the console access by USB CDC/ACM serial
devcice. The console is available by using a terminal software on the USB
host.
Defconfigs
==========
- nsh
Minimum configuration with NuttShell
- nsh-flash
NuttX shell with SMART flash filesystem.
- nshsram
Load NuttX binary to SRAM
- smp
Enable SMP mode. Both Core 0 and Core 1 are used by NuttX.
- ssd1306
SSD1306 OLED display (I2C) test configuration
Connection:
SSD1306 Raspberry Pi Pico
GND ----- GND (Pin 3 or 38 or ...)
VCC ----- 3V3 OUT (Pin 36)
SDA ----- GP4 (I2C0 SDA) (Pin 6)
SCL ----- GP5 (I2C0 SCL) (Pin 7)
- lcd1602
LCD 1602 Segment LCD Disaply (I2C)
Connection:
PCF8574 BackPack Raspberry Pi Pico
GND ----- GND (Pin 3 or 38 or ...)
VCC ----- 5V Vbus (Pin 40)
SDA ----- GP4 (I2C0 SDA) (Pin 6)
SCL ----- GP5 (I2C0 SCL) (Pin 7)
- spisd
SD card support (SPI connection)
Connection:
SD card slot Raspberry Pi Pico
DAT2 (NC)
DAT3/CS ----- GP17 (SPI0 CSn) (Pin 22)
CMD /DI ----- GP19 (SPI0 TX) (Pin 25)
VDD ----- 3V3 OUT (Pin 36)
CLK/SCK ----- GP18 (SPI0 SCK) (Pin 24)
VSS ----- GND (Pin 3 or 38 or ...)
DAT0/DO ----- GP16 (SPI0 RX) (Pin 21)
DAT1 (NC)
* Card hot swapping is not supported.
- st7735
st7735 SPI LCD support
Connection:
st7735 Raspberry Pi Pico
GND ----- GND (Pin 3 or 38 or ...)
VCC ----- 5V Vbus (Pin 40)
SDA ----- GP15 (SPI1 TX) (Pin 20)
SCK ----- GP14 (SPI1 SCK) (Pin 19)
CS ----- GP13 (SPI1 CSn) (Pin 17)
AO(D/C) ----- GP12 (SPI1 RX) (Pin 16)
BL ----- GP11 (Pin 15)
RESET ----- GP10 (Pin 14)
- enc28j60
ENC28J60 SPI ethernet controller support
- IP address is configured by DHCP.
- DNS address is 8.8.8.8 (CONFIG_NETINIT_DNSIPADDR)
- NTP client is enabled.
Connection:
ENC28J60 Raspberry Pi Pico
GND ----- GND (Pin 3 or 38 or ...)
3.3 ----- 3V3 OUT (Pin 36)
SI ----- GP15 (SPI1 TX) (Pin 20)
SCK ----- GP14 (SPI1 SCK) (Pin 19)
CS ----- GP13 (SPI1 CSn) (Pin 17)
SO ----- GP12 (SPI1 RX) (Pin 16)
INT ----- GP11 (Pin 15)
RESET ----- GP10 (Pin 14)
- displaypack
Pico Display Pack support
See the following page for connection:
https://shop.pimoroni.com/products/pico-display-pack
- audiopack
Pico Audio Pack support
See the following page for connection:
https://shop.pimoroni.com/products/pico-audio-pack
SD card interface is also enabled.
- usbnsh
USB CDC/ACM serial console with NuttShell
- usbmsc
USB MSC and CDC/ACM support
`msconn` and `sercon` commands enable the MSC and CDC/ACM devices.
The MSC support provides the interface to the SD card with SPI,
so the SD card slot connection like spisd configuration is required.
- composite
USB composite device (MSC + CDC/ACM) support
`conn` command enables the composite device.
License exceptions
==================
The following files are originated from the files in Pico SDK.
So, the files are licensed under 3-Clause BSD same as Pico SDK.
- arch/arm/src/rp2040/rp2040_clock.c
- arch/arm/src/rp2040/rp2040_pll.c
- arch/arm/src/rp2040/rp2040_xosc.c
- These are created by referring the Pico SDK clock initialization.
- arch/arm/src/rp2040/rp2040_pio.c
- arch/arm/src/rp2040/rp2040_pio.h
- arch/arm/src/rp2040/rp2040_pio_instructions.h
- These provide the similar APIs to Pico SDK's hardware_pio APIs.
- arch/arm/src/rp2040/hardware/*.h
- These are generated from rp2040.svd originally provided in Pico SDK.