Simulator

Apache NuttX has a simulator that can run as a regular program on Linux, Mac, and Windows computers. It’s useful for debugging operating system features that aren’t associated with particular device drivers— for instance the TCP/IP stack itself, a web interface or API for your application, or other communication protocols. It’s also handy for trying out Apache NuttX without having a piece of embedded hardware.

This guide assumes you’re on Linux. It works on Windows and Mac too— if you know how, submit a PR to improve this guide!

Todo

Windows instructions

Prerequisites For macOS

We need genromfs to build simulators(NON GUI).

$ git clone https://github.com/chexum/genromfs.git
$ cd genromfs
$ make
$ make install

Now Copy the built genromfs exec to /opt/local/bin.

For GUI Applications we need X11 Libraries, libx11 can also be built using Homebrew or by Installing XQuartz.

$ sudo port install xorg-libX11
$ sudo port install xorg-server

Compiling

Configure the Simulator

There are a lot of simulator configurations available that set you up to test various operating system features.

Here we’ll use the sim:nsh basic NuttX Shell configuration.
$ cd nuttx $ ./tools/configure.sh sim:nsh
Compile
$ make

Run the simulator:

$ ./nuttx
login: admin
password: Administrator
User Logged-in!

NuttShell (NSH) NuttX-9.1.0
MOTD: username=admin password=Administrator
nsh> help
help usage:  help [-v] [<cmd>]

  [         cp        exit      losetup   mv        rmdir     true
  ?         cmp       false     ls        mw        set       uname
  basename  dirname   free      mb        poweroff  sh        unset
  break     dd        help      mkdir     ps        sleep     usleep
  cat       echo      hexdump   mkfatfs   pwd       test      xd
  cd        exec      kill      mh        rm        time

Builtin Apps:
  hello  nsh

nsh>

Stop the simulator:

nsh> poweroff
$
$ # we're back at the Linux prompt.

Accessing the Network

Here we’ll use the sim:tcpblaster configuration because it comes with networking that is ready to use.
$ make distclean $ ./tools/configure.sh sim:tcpblaster $ make
Give the Simulator Privileges

On recent Linux distributions, you need to give the nuttx program the capabilities (similar to permissions) to access the network:
$ sudo setcap cap_net_admin+ep ./nuttx
Run the simulator:
$ ./nuttx

Bring Up the Network Interfaces

On Apache NuttX:

nsh> ifup eth0

On Linux, first you need to find your main network interface— this will usually either be an ethernet or wireless network adapter. Do this:

$ ifconfig
lo: flags=73<UP,LOOPBACK,RUNNING>  mtu 65536
        inet 127.0.0.1  netmask 255.0.0.0
        inet6 ::1  prefixlen 128  scopeid 0x10<host>
        loop  txqueuelen 1000  (Local Loopback)
        RX packets 5846  bytes 614351 (614.3 KB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 5846  bytes 614351 (614.3 KB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

wlp0s20f3: flags=4163<UP,BROADCAST,RUNNING,MULTICAST>  mtu 1500
        inet 192.168.1.209  netmask 255.255.255.0  broadcast 192.168.1.255
        inet6 fe80::1161:c26b:af05:d784  prefixlen 64  scopeid 0x20<link>
        ether 24:41:8c:a8:30:d1  txqueuelen 1000  (Ethernet)
        RX packets 219369  bytes 176416490 (176.4 MB)
        RX errors 0  dropped 0  overruns 0  frame 0
        TX packets 108399  bytes 27213617 (27.2 MB)
        TX errors 0  dropped 0 overruns 0  carrier 0  collisions 0

lo0 is the Loopback Interface, so wlp0s20f3 is the wireless interface. Note that it has an IP address on the local net. There may be other interfaces listed, you’ll need to pick the one that’s right for your system.

Then, on Linux do this to set up the tap network interface and route that will let the Apache NuttX simulator access the network:

$ sudo ./tools/simhostroute.sh wlp0s20f3 on
$ ping -c 1 10.0.1.2  # nuttx system
PING 10.0.1.2 (10.0.1.2) 56(84) bytes of data.
64 bytes from 10.0.1.2: icmp_seq=1 ttl=64 time=7.52 ms

--- 10.0.1.2 ping statistics ---
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 0ms
rtt min/avg/max/mdev = 7.529/7.529/7.529/0.000 m

Test that Apache NuttX can access the Internet

First let’s ping the network interface of our Linux host to prove we can see the gateway to the Internet:

nsh> ping -c 1 10.0.1.1
nsh> ping -c 1 10.0.1.1
PING 10.0.1.1 56 bytes of data
56 bytes from 10.0.1.1: icmp_seq=0 time=0 ms
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 1010 ms

Now let’s ping one of Google’s DNS servers to prove we can access the rest of the Internet:

nsh> ping -c 1 8.8.8.8
PING 8.8.8.8 56 bytes of data
56 bytes from 8.8.8.8: icmp_seq=0 time=10 ms
1 packets transmitted, 1 received, 0% packet loss, time 1010 ms

If it doesn’t work, then you need to enable the IP forward on your computer:

sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

Success!

Testing / capturing TCP network traffic

Start Wireshark (or tcpdump) on Linux and capture the appeared tap0 interface.

Optionally activate emulating packet loss on Linux:

$ sudo iptables -A INPUT -p tcp --dport 31337 -m statistic --mode random --probability 0.01 -j DROP

Run netcat server on Linux:
$ netcat -l -p 31337

Run netcat client on Apache NuttX:

nsh> dd if=/dev/zero of=/tmp/test.bin count=1000
nsh> netcat LINUX_HOST_IP_ADDRESS 31337 /tmp/test.bin

Observe TCP network traffic in Wireshark / tcpdump on Linux.

Stopping

The normal way to stop:
nsh> poweroff $ $ # we're back at the Linux prompt.
If you don’t have an nsh prompt, the only effective way to stop the simulator is kill it from another terminal:
$ pkill nuttx

Optionally deactivate emulating packet loss on Linux:

$ sudo iptables -D INPUT -p tcp --dport 31337 -m statistic --mode random --probability 0.01 -j DROP

If you do not need tap0 interface anymore, it can be disabled on Linux as follows:
$ sudo ./tools/simhostroute.sh wlan0 off

Debugging

You can debug the simulator like any regular Linux program.